COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF SPHENOID OSTIUM MORPHOMETRY AND ITS CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS FOR ENDOSCOPIC ENDONASAL SURGERY IN A NIGERIAN POPULATION
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Abstract
Background:
The sphenoid ostium is a critical landmark for accessing the sphenoid sinus and skull base. Its location and dimensions are crucial for safe endoscopic sinus surgery and transsphenoidal approaches. This study utilized Computed Tomography (CT) to provide morphometric data on the sphenoid ostium in a Nigerian population, addressing a gap in local anatomical knowledge to help minimize complications in skull base surgeries.
Objective:
To assess the morphometric characteristics of the sphenoid ostium in a Nigerian population using computed tomography (CT) imaging.
Materials and Method:
This retrospective study was done in the Radiology department of Rivers State University Teaching Hospital. CT paranasal sinuses of three hundred adults (≥18 years) were reviewed and measurements taken in axial planes using RadiAnt DICOM Viewer. Morphometric parameters measured included ostium diameter on both sides, distance between right and left ostia and ostium angles. Sex and side differences were analysed using mean ± SD and ANOVA.
Results:
Among the 300 CT scans analysed; 164 males (54.7%) and 136 females (45.3%). The mean diameter of the right ostium was significantly larger in males (3.14 ± 0.48 mm) compared to females (2.907 ± 0.44 mm), with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). The mean left diameter of the sphenoid ostium was significantly bigger in males compared to females (3.30 ± 0.49 mm; 3.12 ± 0.44 mm; p < 0.05). No statistical difference was found in the distance between left and right ostia and also in the ostium angle.
Conclusion:
This study provides morphometric data on sphenoid sinus ostia in a Nigerian population, showing sex-specific differences in ostium diameters (males > females) and variability in location relative to the midline. Findings emphasize the need for preoperative imaging and tailored surgical strategies in endoscopic endonasal approaches.
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